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Trials Of Precision Restoring Agriculture In Japan
S. Shibusawa
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
The objective of the paper is to describe a tentative scheme of precision restoring agriculture in Japan.
“3.11” in 2011 is the day the northeast Japan was attacked by the tri-disaster; a M 9.0 super earthquake, 10-m–high huge Tsunami, and explosions of Fukushima nuclear power station. Huge damage has been confirmed across the cities and rural communities, including agriculture and industry sectors along the coastline of more than 500 km. In three weeks after the catastrophe, the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery (JSAM) organized a team to investigate the damages, and to look for avenues on not only community-based reconstruction but also removal of radioactive contamination from the farm land. The author took part in the action as a president of the society and the chair of the committee. The activity of the team has somehow influenced the public policy and measures undertaken.
Precision restoring is a tentative way of exploring solutions based on management strategy of precision agriculture: (a) describe the spatio-temporal variability, (b) conduct the variable-rate operation, (c) evaluate the multi-effects, and (d) construct a field-level GIS. Furthermore, who manages the farm land was also a key phrase.
On the first stage there was not enough evidence for understanding the whole system. Two actions were made for immediate requests. The one was to make a proposal how to remove the top thin soil with highly dense radioactive contaminations. The second one was to look over the damages of paddy and horticulture fields by the Tsunami. With the information collected the society has backed up a couple of national projects on developing precise removal machines of radioactive materials and demonstrating future farms with precision agriculture.
When restoring the agricultural sites people have to care the dangerous works of agriculture which have induced 400 victims by farm work accidents every year.  Issues on food safety and environment should be also organized, in addition to restoring projects from the East-Japan catastrophe. One of the keen issues is a risk management approach of GAP good agricultural practices. The GLOBAL G.A.P. is a worldwide farm management strategy of integrated farm assurance, food safety practice HACCP-based, cost of compliance, and integrity of farm assurance. The one-step up and down strategy offers a key protocol of traceable farm management. The GLOBAL G.A.P. rules should be implemented while taking account local legislation into. The G.A.P. growers have to find best collaborators from a pool of suppliers, wholesalers and retailers to create best food chains.
In 2010 Japan had a package of domestic regulations as a guideline for G. A. P. promotion, which was a table of control points and critical compliance on food safety, environmental conservation and workers protection, administrated by Agricultural Production Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry. The guideline covers all crops of fresh vegetables, rice edible, wheat edible, fruits edible, tea, forage crops, other edible crops, other non-edible crops, and mushrooms, except for livestock farming and aquaculture.
Recording is the fundamental action of the G.A.P. Everybody knows that precision agriculture involves evidence-based farm management accompanied with records on cultivation, resulted in information-oriented fields and information-added produce. This is why my presentation will discuss on matching between the G.A.P. and PA this time.
 
Keyword: disaster, resilience, restoring, farm assurance, traceability