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Measuring and partitioning pasture evaporation and transpiration using proximally sensed optical data
1M. S. Alam, 2D. W. Lamb, 2M. M. Rahman
1. PhD Student, Precision Agriculture Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
2. Precision Agriculture Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia

The crop coefficient (Kc) is an important parameter to estimate the actual field crop evapotranspiration (ETc) relative to a standardized plant canopy unconstrained by available soil moisture and nutrients, disease or pests (i.e ETo). However, splitting the evapotranspiration into its components of soil evaporation (Es) and plant transpiration (Tr), an important step to better understand and manage the actual crop water requirement, is challenging. In this study a protocol has been developed to estimate Kc from proximal, active optical sensor (AOS) derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) measurements. A polynomial regression (R2=0.86) was developed for the observed, multi-temporal, Kc-NDVI relationship derived using the coincident measurements of Kc and NDVI at two different stages of growth for a pasture (Festuca arundinacea var. Dovey) canopy. The Kc was calculated from field measurement of evapotranspiration with the help of a portable canopy evaporation chamber and the reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) data that was sourced from a nearby Automatic Weather Station (AWS). The portable enclosed chamber was calibrated beforehand to confirm the suitability of the device to measure the amount of water vapour produced by  a target pasture canopy as evapotranspiration, producing a calibration factor (C) close to 1 (C = 1.02, R2 = 0.87). The protocol was implemented to separately derive transpiration and evaporation components through basal crop coefficient (Kcb) and evaporation coefficient (Ke) following the FAO dual crop coefficient approach; here the Kcb was correlated with corresponding leaf area index (LAI) values measured with a handheld optical LAI sensor (LAI Ceptometer). The ability to partition the soil evaporation component (Ke) from the transpiration component (Kcb) using a number of in-situ plant canopy surface coating methods were investigated. A commercially available anti transpirant coating (30-60% Acrylic polymer) has been found effective to stop the transpiration allowing the soil evaporation component to be isolated. 

Keyword: Crop coefficient (Kc), Partitioning evapotranspiration, Evaporation Chamber