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Is Row-unit Vibration Affected by Planter Speeds and Downforce?
1L. P. Oliveira, 2B. V. Ortiz, 2G. T. Morata, 2T. Squires, 2J. Jones
1. University of Nebraska-Lincoln
2. Auburn University

Row-unit vibration is an issue created mainly by planter`s opening disks and gauge-wheels contact with the ground. Variability on row-unit vibration could interfere on seed metering and delivery process, affecting crop emergence and final stand. With the amount of embedded technology present on planters, producers are being encouraged to increase planting speeds, which is also one of the main factors for row-unit vibration increasement. In this way, knowing the proper speeds, and using other instruments as planter`s downforce to decrease this vibration could be a good strategy to keep a uniform planting. This study aimed to verify if there are differences on row-unit vibration standard deviation and peanuts plant spacing when planting is performed using different displacement speeds, and downward forces in two operational modes. Also, to verify if there is correlation between the vibration standard deviations and other variables as seeding depth, seedling emergence velocity index, plant spacing, and peanuts yield. The test was performed at the Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center in Fairhope, AL, USA. A 4 row John Deere Max Emerge XP Planter with 97 cm of row spacing was set to plant peanuts at 6.3 cm. A commercial active hydraulic downforce system was used to apply the downward forces. The hydraulic downforce system could be used in two operational modes: Dynamic or Static. The first one applies the loads according to soil variability, using down or uplift forces. The static mode applies the loads in a fixed way, not considering soil variability. Treatments were 3 planter speeds (3, 4, and 5 miles per hour), and 6 downforce loads (445, 665, 755, and 870 Newtons) using the dynamic mode, and (445 and 870 Newtons) using the static mode. The design was a random complete block with three replications for each treatment. Analysis of variance was performed, and when significant, Tukey test was used to compare the means. Linear regression analysis, and Pearson correlation matrix were also performed. Using the dynamic or static downforces, the vibration variability increases when the speed is incremented. Using the dynamic mode there were differences between the speeds, loads, and interaction between the two factors. The vibration standard deviation was bigger when the planter was moved at 4 or 5 mph. As far as downward forces, variability on vibration was bigger when using 444 Newtons compared to 665 or 775 N. No differences were found for plant spacing, however, there was an increasement on plant spacing when increasing the speeds. The 5 miles per hour treatment using the dynamic mode, showed reduction of the vibration variability when increasing the downforce. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.49, meaning that 49% of the vibration reduction was explained by the downforce. In general, increasing the downforce at speeds of 4 and 5 mph helped to decrease the row-unit vibration variability. Positive association (Pearson correlation) was found between speed and vibration, meaning that when speed is increased, vibration is incremented. Negative association between vibration and emergence velocity index was found using the static mode.

 

Keyword: Downward forces, planting, plant spacing