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1. Minimizing On-farm Point Source Contamination Of Pesticides Using The “Biobed” MethodMicroorganisms play a vital role in maintaining the environmental quality through their metabolic activities. The highly versatile metabolic capabilities of fungi and bacteria can be used to reclaim polluted ecosystems. A variety of biological, chemical, and physical methods have been used for degradation and detoxification of pesticides. However, conventional clean- up methods are costly and not always effective. Agrochemical storage and handling practices have been targeted... F. Eivazi |
2. Quantifying Spatial Variability Of Indigenous Nitrogen Supply For Precision Nitrogen Management In North China Plain... Y. Miao, Q. Cao, Z. Cui, F. Li, T.H. Dao, R. Khosla, X. Chen |
3. Variable-rate Irrigation Management For Peanut Using Irrigator ProVariable-rate irrigation has the potential to save substantial water. These water savings will become more important as urban, industrial, and environmental sectors compete with agriculture for available water. However, methodologies to precision-apply water for maximum agronomic and economic utility are needed. Information is needed to optimally management variable-rate irrigation systems. In this study, we conducted irrigation experiments on peanut to compare... K. Stone, P.J. Bauer, W.J. Busscher, J.A. Millen, D.E. Evans, E.E. Strickland |
4. C And N Coupling Through Time: Soil C, N, And Grain Yield In A Long-term Continuous Corn TrialGains and losses of both C and N are important in agricultural landscapes. Temporal changes in the pattern of crop yield response to tillage and fertilizer input are commonly observed; often weakly interpreted, in long-term research. A 38-year-long monoculture corn (Zea mays L.) tillage (moldboard plow, no-tillage) by N rate (0, 84, 168, 336 kg N per hectare) trial was sampled to a depth of 100 cm, as was the surrounding... J. Grove, E.M. Pena-yewtukhiw |
5. Crop Rotation Impacts ‘Temporal Sampling’ Needed For Landscape-defined Management ZonesYield and landscape position are used to delineate management zones, but this approach is confounded by yield’s weather dependence, causing yield to evidence temporal variability/lack of yield stability. Management options (e.g. crop rotation) also influence yield stability. Our objective was to build a model that would describe the influence of crop rotation on the temporal yield stability of landscape defined management zones. Corn (Zea mays L.) yield data for two rotations,... E.M. Pena-yewtukhiw, J. Grove |
6. Impact Of Winter Grazing On Forage Biomass Topography Soil Strength Spatial RelationshipsSpatial relationships between soil properties, forage productivity, and landscape can be used to manage site-specific grazing. Soil penetration resistance and forage biomass were collected for three years in winter grazing experiment. The three ha experimental area was divided into six paddocks, hay was cut twice per year in the months of May and June, and forage stockpiled after the second cutting. Animals were admitted to paddocks at the end of November, at a stocking rate... E.M. Pena-yewtukhiw, D. Mata-padrino, W. Bryan |
7. Factors Influencing the Timing of Precision Agriculture Technology Adoption in Southern U.S. Cotton ProductionTechnology innovators in cotton production adopted precision agriculture (PA) technologies soon after they became commercially available, while others adopted these technologies in later years after evaluating the success of the innovators. The timing of... D.M. Lambert, J.A. Larson, B.C. English, R.M. Rejesus, M.C. Marra, A.K. Mishra, C. Wang, P. Watcharaanantapong, R.K. Roberts, M. Velandia |
8. Exploiting the Dmc Satellite Constellation for Applications in Precision AgricultureThis paper presents the unique capabilities of the DMC constellation of optical sensors, and examples of how a number of organisations around the world are exploiting this powerful data source for applications in precision farming. The DMC consists of five satellites built in the UK by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, each carrying a wide swath (650km) optical sensor. It is an international programme of satellite ownership and groundstations, with joint campaigns being coordinated centrally... P. Stephens, S. Mackin, G. Holmes |
9. A Non-Destructive Method of Estimating Red Tip Disease in PineappleRed Tip disease typically reduces pineapple yields by up to 50%. At present, the causal agent of Red Tip disease is still unconfirmed. B... F. Abu kassim, G. Vadamalai, A. Mohd hanif, S.K. Balasundram |
10. Young Leaf Detection for Spot Spray Treatment of Citrus Canopies to Control PsyllidsHuanglongbing (HLB) is an important disease of citrus that is spread mainly through a vector, psyllid (Diaphorina citri), that feeds predominantly on young leaves. Given the selective feeding of the insect, treating only the young flush, instead of spraying the entire... R. Ehsani, M. Salyani, J.M. Maja, A.R. Mishra, P.A. Larbi, J. Camargo neto |
11. Development of Sensing System Using Digital Photography Technique for Spot-Application of Herbicide in Wild Blueberry FieldsAn automated sensing system, hardware and software, was developed for spot-application of herbicide with 6.1 m boom automated prototype sprayer.... Q. Zaman, T.J. Esau, A.A. Farooque, A.W. Schumann, D.C. Percival, Y.K. Chang |
12. Integrated Crop Canopy Sensing System for Spatial Analysis of In-Season Crop PerformanceOver the past decade, the relationships between leaf color, chlorophyll content, nitrogen supply, biomass and grain yield of agronomic crops have been studied widely.... L. Shiratsuchi, C.C. Lutz, R.B. Ferguson, V.I. Adamchuk |
13. Performance of Two Active Canopy Sensors for Estimating Winter Wheat Nitrogen Status in North China Plain... Q. Cao, Y. Miao, G. Feng, X. Gao, B. Liu, R. Khosla |
14. Sensor Fusion on a Wild Blueberry Harvester for Fruit Yield, Plant Height and Topographic Features Mapping to Improve Crop ProductivitySite-specific crop management can improve profitability and environmental risks of wild blueberry crop having large spatial variation in soil/plant characteristics, topographic features which may affect fruit yield. An integrated automated sensor fusion system including an ultrasonic sensor, a digital color camera, a slope sensor,... A.A. Farooque, Q.U. Zaman, D. Groulx, A.W. Schumann, T.J. Esau, Y.K. Chang |
15. Evaluating Different Nitrogen Management Strategies For The Intensive Wheat-Maize System In North China PlainThe sustainable agricultural development involves both environmental challenges and production goals to meet growing food demand. However, excessive nitrogen (N) applications are threatening the sustainability of intensive agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP). Improved N management should result in greater N use efficiency (NUE) and producer profit while reducing the risk of environmental contamination. Therefore, developing and disseminating feasible N management strategies... Q. Cao, Y. Miao, G. Feng, F. Li, B. Liu, X. Gao, Y. Liu |
16. Applying Conventional Vegetation Vigor Indices To UAS-Derived Orthomosaics: Issues And ConsiderationsIn recent years, unmanned airborne systems (UAS) have gained a lot of interest for their potential use in precision agriculture. While the imagery from near-infrared (NIR) enabled off-the-shelf cameras included in UAS can be directly used to facilitate crop scouting, the application in quantitative analyses remains cumbersome. The ultimate goal is to calculate (nitrogen) prescription maps from vegetation indices obtained from UAS imagery, but two main issues hamper this workflow: (1) the... J. Quaderer, J. Coonen, A. Lange, K. Pauly |
17. Comparison Of Management Zones Generated By The K-Means And Fuzzy C-Means MethodsThe generation of Management Zones (MZ) is an economic alternative to make viable the precision agriculture (RODRIGUES & ZIMBACK, 2002) because they work as operation units for the inputs localized application and as soil and culture sample indicators. For the field division in... E. Souza, K. Schenatto, F. Rodrigues, D. Rocha, C. Bazzi |
18. The Influence Of The Interpolation Method In The Management Zones GenerationThe definition of management zones (MZ) allows the concepts of precision agriculture (PA) to be used even in small producers. Methods for defining these MZ were created and are being used, obtaining satisfactory results with different crops and parameters (FLEMING & WESTFALL, 2000; ORTEGA & SANTIBÁÑEZ, 2007; MILANI et al., 2006). Through methodologies, the attributes that are influencing the productivity are selected and thematic maps are generated with the... K. Schenatto, C. Bazzi, V. Bier, E. Souza |
19. Crop Circle Sensor-Based Precision Nitrogen Management Strategy For Rice In Northeast ChinaGreenSeeker (GS) sensor-based precision N management strategy for rice has been developed, significantly improved N fertilizer use efficiency. Crop Circle ACS-470 (CC) active sensor is a new user configurable sensor, with a choice of 6 possible bands. The objectives of this study were to identify important vegetation indices obtained from CC sensor for estimating rice yield potential and rice responsiveness to topdressing N application and evaluate their potential improvements over GS normalized... Q. Cao, Y. Miao, J. Shen, S. Cheng, R. Khosla, F. Liu |
20. Prediction Of Cation Exchange Capacity Using Visible And Near Infrared SpectroscopyCation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil is a measure of the soil ability to hold positively charged ions and is an important indicator of soil physicochemical characteristic. It is an important property for site specific management of soil nutrients in precision agriculture. The conventional analytical methods used for the determination of CEC are expensive, difficult and time consuming, because different cations must be extracted and determined. Visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy... Y. Ulusoy, Z. Tümsavas, A.M. Mouazen, Y. Tekin |
21. Using A Decision Tree To Predict The Population Density Of Redheaded Cockchafer (Adoryphorus Couloni) In Dairy FieldsA native soil dwelling insect pest, the redheaded cockchafer (Adoryphorus couloni) (Burmeister) (RHC) is an important pest in the higher rainfall regions of south-eastern Australia. Due to the majority of its lifecycle spent underground feeding on the roots and soil organic matter the redheaded cockchafer is difficult to detect and control. The ability to predict the level of infestation and location of redheaded cockchafers in a field may give producers the option to use an endophyte containing... A. Cosby, G. Falzon, M. Trotter, J. Stanley, K. Powell, D. Schneider, D. Lamb |
22. In-field Plant Phenotyping Using Multi-view Reconstruction: an Investigation in EggplantRapid methods for plant phenotyping are a growing need in agricultural research to help accelerate improvements in crop performance in order to facilitate more efficient utilization of plant genome sequences and the corresponding advancements in associated methods of genetic improvement. Manual plant phenotyping is time-consuming, laborious, frequently subjective, and often destructive. There is a need for building field-deployable systems with advanced sensors that have both high-speed and high-performance... T. Nguyen, D. Slaughter, B. Townsley, L. Carriedo, J. Maloof, N. Sinha |
23. Comparing Adapt-N to Static N Recommendation Approaches for US Maize ProductionLarge temporal and spatial variability in soil N availability leads many farmers across the US to over apply N fertilizers in maize (Zea Mays L.) production environments, often resulting in large environmental N losses. Static N recommendation tools are typically promoted in the US, but new dynamic model-based tools allow for more precise and adaptive N recommendations that account for specific production environments and conditions. This study compares two static N recommendation tools,... H. Van es, S. Sela, R. Marjerison, B. Moebiu-clune, R. Schindelbeck, D. Moebius-clune |
24. 'Spatial Discontinuity Analysis' a Novel Geostatistical Algorithm for On-farm ExperimentationTraditional agronomic experimentation is restricted to small plots. Under appropriate experimental designs the effects of uncontrolled environmental variables are minimized and the measured responses (e.g. in yields) are compared to controllable inputs (seed, tillage, fertilizer, pesticides) using well-trusted design-based statistical methods. However, the implementation of such experiments can be complex and the application, management, and harvesting of treated areas might have to... S. Rudolph, B.P. Marchant, V. Gillingham, D. Kindred, R. Sylvester-bradley |
25. Proximal Hyperspectral Sensing in Plant BreedingThe use of remote sensing in plant breeding is challenging due to the large number of small parcels which at least actually cannot be measured with conventional techniques like air- or spaceborne sensors. On the one hand crop monitoring needs to be performed frequently, which demands reliable data availability. On the other hand hyperspectral remote sensing offers new methods for the detection of vegetation parameters in crop production, especially since methods for safe and efficient detection... H. Lilienthal, P. Wilde, E. Schnug |
26. Using the Adapt-N Model to Inform Policies Promoting the Sustainability of US Maize ProductionMaize (Zea mays L.) production accounts for the largest share of crop land area in the U.S. It is the largest consumer of nitrogen (N) fertilizers but has low N Recovery Efficiency (NRE, the proportion of applied N taken up by the crop). This has resulted in well-documented environmental problems and social costs associated with high reactive N losses associated with maize production. There is a potential to reduce these costs through precision management, i.e., better application timing, use... S. Sela, H. Van-es, E. Mclellan, J. Melkonian, R. Marjerison , K. Constas |
27. Non-destructive Plant Phenotyping Using a Mobile Hyperspectral System to Assist Breeding Research: First ResultsHybrid plants feature a stronger vigor, an increased yield and a better environmental adaptability than their parents, also known as heterosis effect. Heterosis of winter oilseed rape is not yet fully understood and conclusions on hybrid performance can only be drawn from laborious test crossings. Large scale field phenotyping may alleviate this process in plant breeding. The aim of this study was to test a low-cost mobile ground-based hyperspectral system for breeding research to easily... H. Gerighausen, H. Lilienthal, E. Schnug |
28. First Experiences with the European Remote Sensing Satellites Sentinel-1A/ -2A for Agricultural ResearchThe Copernicus program headed by the European Commission (EC) in partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA) will launch up to twelve satellites, the so called “Sentinels” for earth and environmental observations until 2020. Within this satellite fleet, the Sentinel-1 (microwave) and Sentinal-2 (optical) satellites deliver valuable information on agricultural crops. Due to their high temporal (5 to 6 days repeating time) and spatial (10 to 20 m) resolutions a continuous monitoring... H. Lilienthal, H. Gerighausen, E. Schnug |
29. Potential Improvement in Rice Nitrogen Status Monitoring Using Rapideye and Worldview-2 Satellite Remote SensingFor in-season site-specific nitrogen (N) management of rice to be successful, it is crucially important to diagnose rice N status efficiently across large area in a timely fashion. Satellite remote sensing provides a promising technology for crop growth monitoring and precision management over large areas. The FORMOSAT-2 satellite remote sensing imageries with 4 wavebands have been used to estimate rice N status. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of using high spatial resolution... S. Huang, Y. Miao, F. Yuan, M.L. Gnyp, Y. Yao, Q. Cao, V. Lenz-wiedemann, G. Bareth |
30. Adjustment of Corn Population and Nitrogen Fertilization Based on Management ZonesThe main objective of this study was to adjust the corn population and nitrogen fertilization according to management zones, based on past grain yield maps (seven of soybean and three of corn) and soil electrical conductivity. The study was carried out in Não-Me-Toque, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and it was conducted in a factorial strip blocks with 3 repetitions in each management zone, being the treatments: corn populations (56000, 64000, 72000, 80000 and 88000 plants ha-1),... R. Schwalbert, T.J. Carneiro amado, T. Horbe, G.M. Corassa, F.H. Gebert |
31. 25 Years Precision Agriculture in Germany - a RetrospectiveIt all started with the availability of Global Positioning Systems for civil services in 1988. In the same year variable rate applications of fertilizers were demonstrated in northern Germany and Denmark, which were globally the first of their kind and introduced a new era of agricultural production. The idea of Computer Aided Farming (CAF) was born. Only one year later the first yield maps were established. In 1992 at the Soil Specific Crop Management Workshop in Bloomington, Minnesota which... H. Lilienthal, E. Schnug, S. Haneklaus |
32. Site-specific Irrigation of Peanuts on a Coastal Plain FieldIrrigator-Pro is an expert system that prescribes irrigation for corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea). We conducted an experiment in 2007 to evaluate Irrigator-Pro as a tool for variable rate irrigation of peanut using a site-specific center pivot irrigation system. Treatments were irrigation of whole plots based on the expert system, irrigation of individual soils within plots based on the expert system, irrigation of individual... |
33. Soil Moisture, Organic Matter and Potassium Influences on Eca MeasurementSpatial variability of soil physical and chemical properties is a fundamental element of site-specific soil and crop management. Since its early implementation in agriculture as a method of measuring soil salinity, the acceptance of Apparent Electrical Conductivity (ECa) in agriculture has been popular as a method of determining the spatial variability of soil physical and chemical properties that influence the ECa estimates. It was the objective of this study to examine the spatial-temporal stability... R.R. Struthers, C.J. Johannsen, D.K. Morris |
34. Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Active-Optical Sensor to Monitor Growth Indices and Nitrogen Nutrition of Winter WheatUsing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing monitoring system can rapidly and cost-effectively provide crop canopy information for growth diagnosis and precision fertilizer regulation. RapidScan CS-45 (Holland, Lincoln, NE, USA) is a portable active-optical sensor designed for timely, non-destructive obtaining plant canopy information without being affected by weather condition. UAV equipped with RapidScan, is of great significant for rapidly monitoring crop growth and nitrogen (N) status.... X. Liu, Q. Cao, Y. Tian, Y. Zhu, Z. Zhang, W. Cao |
35. Identifying and Filtering Out Outliers in Spatial DatasetsOutliers present in the dataset is harmful to the information quality contained in the map and may lead to wrong interpretations, even if the number of outliers to the total data collected is small. Thus, before any analysis, it is extremely important to remove these errors. This work proposes a sequential process model capable of identifying outlier data when compared their neighbors using statistical parameters. First, limits are determined based on the median range of the values of all the... L. Maldaner, J. Molin, T. Tavares, L. Mendez, L. Corrêdo, C. Duarte |
36. Introducing Precision Ag Tools to Over-100 Year Old Historical ExperimentThe historic Knorr-Holden experimental site near Scottsbluff, Nebraska, US, established in 1912 is the oldest irrigated maize plot in North America. Over years, the treatment has been revised a few times to reflect and address contemporary practices. The N fertilization is found to be capable of restoring most of production capacity of the soil. After a full century of the experiment, in 2014, N treatments were revised again. Now, the experiment is a split-plot randomized complete block design... B. Maharjan |
37. Frameworks for Variable Rate Application of ManureWorldwide, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from agriculture are main contributors to eutrophication of water bodies so that forceful agro-technical measures are required to reduce their diffuse discharge to the environment. With view to worldwide finite mineral rock phosphates efficient standards are required to close the agricultural P cycle. In intensive agricultural livestock production manure is often treated as a waste problem rather than an organic fertilizer and source of nutrients.... H. Lilienthal, S.H. Haneklaus, E. Schnug |
38. Agricultural Remote Sensing Information for Farmers in GermanyThe European Copernicus program delivers optical and radar satellite imagery at a high temporal frequency and at a ground resolution of 10m worldwide with an open data policy. Since July 2017 the satellite constellation of the Sentinel-1 and -2 satellites is fully operational, allowing e.g. coverage of Germany every 1-2 days by radar and every 2-3 days with optical sensors. This huge data source contains a variety of valuable input information for farmers to monitor the in-field variability and... H. Lilienthal, H. Gerighausen, E. Schnug |
39. Monitoring Potassium Levels in Peat-Grown Pineapple Using Selected Spectral RatiosIn this study, we assessed the biophysical changes within pineapple (var. MD2) in response to different potassium (K) rates using a hyperspectral approach. K deficiency was detected at 171 days after planting. Shortage of K also exhibited a shift in red edge towards shorter wavelengths between 500-700 nm. In addition, spectral ranges of 430 nm and 680 nm, as well as 680-752 nm were found to be most effective in differentiating spectral response to varying K rates. Three vegetation indices, i.e.... S.K. Balasundram, Y. Chong, A. Mohd hanif |
40. Akkerweb: A Platform for Precision Farming Data, Science, and PracticeThe concept of precision farming (PF) was formulated about 40 years ago and the scientific knowledge for some applications of PF in The Netherlands has been available for almost 20 years. Also, in many cases equipment is available to implement PF in practice. In spite of all this PF uptake is still limited. An important reason for the limited uptake of PF is in the challenges that must be overcome to let data flow from sensors to data storage, to combine data sources and process them into recommendations,... F.K. Van evert, T. Been, J.A. Booij, C. Kempenaar, G.J. Kessel, L.P. Molendijk |
41. Using a UAV-Based Active Canopy Sensor to Estimate Rice Nitrogen StatusActive canopy sensors have been widely used in the studies of crop nitrogen (N) estimation as its suitability for different environmental conditions. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a low-cost remote sensing platform for its great flexibility compared to traditional ways of remote sensing. UAV-based active canopy sensor is expected to take the advantages of both sides. The objective of this study is to determine whether UAV-based active canopy sensor has potential for monitoring rice N status,... S. Li, Q. Cao, X. Liu, Y. Tian, Y. Zhu |
42. Creating Thematic Maps and Management Zones for Agriculture FieldsThematic maps (TMs) are maps that represent not only the land but also a topic associated with it, and they aim to inform through graphic symbols where a specific geographical phenomenon occurs. Development of TMs is linked to data collection, analysis, interpretation, and representation of the information on a map, facilitating the identification of similarities, and enabling the visualization of spatial correlations. Important issues associated with the creation of TMs are: selection of the... E. Souza, K. Schenatto, C. Bazzi |
43. Variety Effects on Cotton Yield Monitor CalibrationWhile modern grain yield monitors are able to harvest variety and hybrid trials without imposing bias, cotton yield monitors are affected by varietal properties. With planters capable of site-specific planting of multiple varieties, it is essential to better understand cotton yield monitor calibration. Large-plot field experiments were conducted with two southeast Missouri cotton producers to compare yield monitor-estimated weights and observed weights in replicated variety trials. Two replications... E. Vories, A. Jones, G. Stevens, C. Meeks |
44. Economic Potential of IPMwise – a Generic Decision Support System for Integrated Weed Management in 4 CountriesReducing use and dependency on pesticides in Denmark has been driven by political action plans since the 1980ies, and a series of nationally funded accompanying R&D programs were completed in the period 1989-2006. One result of these programs was a decision support system (DSS) for integrated weed management. The 4th generation (2016) of the agro-biological models and IT-tools in this DSS, named IPMwise. The concept of IPMwise is to systematically exploit that: occurrence... P. Rydahl, O. Boejer, K. Torresen, J.M. Montull, A. Taberner, H. Bückmann, A. Verschwele |
45. Use of Watering Hole Data As a Decision Support Tool for the Management of a Grazing Herd of CattleEstablish grazing practices would improve the welfare of the animals, allowing them to express more natural behaviours. However, free-range reduces the ability to monitor the animals, thus increase the time needed to intervene in the event of a health problem. To ease the adoption of grazing, farmer would benefit from autonomously collected indicators at pasture that identify abnormal behaviours possibly related to a health problem in a bovine. These indicators must be individualised and collected... J. Plum, B. Quoitin, I. Dufrasne, S. Mahmoudi, F. Lebeau |
46. Assessment of Goss Wilt Disease Severity Using Machine Learning Techniques Coupled with UAV ImageryGoss Wilt has become a common disease in corn fields in North Dakota. It has been one of the most yield-limiting diseases, causing losses of up to 50%. The current method to identify the disease is through visual inspection of the field, which is inefficient, and can be subjective, with misleading results, due to evaluator fatigue. Therefore, developing a reliable, accurate, and automated tool for assessing the severity of Goss's Wilt disease has become a top priority. The use of unmanned... A. Das, P. Flores, Z. Zhang , A. Friskop, J. Mathew |
47. Management Zone-specific N Mineralization Rate Estimation in Unamended SoilSince nitrogen (N) mineralization from soil organic matter is governed by basic soil properties (soil organic matter content, pH, soil texture, …) that are known to exhibit strong in-field spatial variability, N mineralization is also expected to exhibit significant spatial variability at field scale. An ideal and efficient N recommendation for precision fertilization should therefore account for potential soil mineralizable N considering this spatial variability. Therefore, this study... F.Y. Ruma, M.A. Munnaf, S. De neve, A.M. Mouazen |
48. Impact of Cover Crop and Soil Apparent Electrical Conductivity on Cotton Development and YieldCotton is one of the major crops in the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) of the U.S. Lower Mississippi River Valley region. Because cotton production doesn’t leave a lot of crop residue in the field, low soil organic matter levels are common. While the benefits of crop rotation are well known, cotton is often grown year after year in the same fields for economic reasons. Soils in the region are generally quite variable, with areas of very high sand content. Winter cover crops and reduced tillage... E. Vories, K. Veum, K. Sudduth |
49. Assessment of Active Crop Canopy Sensor As a Tool for Optimal Nitrogen Management in Dryland Winter WheatOptimum nitrogen (N) fertilizer application is important for agronomic, economic, and environmental reasons. Among different N management tools, active crop canopy sensors are a recent and promising tool widely evaluated for use in corn but still under-evaluated for use in winter wheat. The objective of this study was to determine whether vegetation indices derived from in-season active crop canopy sensor data can be used to predict winter wheat grain yield and protein content and subsequently... D. Ghimire |