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1. Microbial Contaminants in Cocoa Powder Samples in South – West NigeriaCocoa powder (CP), which is the major ingredient of cocoa-based beverages, is obtained from cocoa cake in a process involving hydraulic pressing of cocoa butter from fermented and roasted cocoa beans. Cocoa powder is presently being consumed as a health drink because of the presence of flavonoids in it. Evidences have shown that cocoa flavonoids exert powerful antioxidant properties by boosting immune responses and also the presence of procyanidins in cocoa protects the body against free-radi... A.A. Oluwadun, O.0. Olubamiwa, O.C. Jayeola |
2. Precision Agriculture Initiative for Karnataka – A New Direction for Strengthening Farming CommunityStrengthening agriculture is crucial to meet the myriad challenges of rural poverty, food security, unemployment, and sustainability of natural resources and it also needs strengthening at technical, financial and management levels. In this c... U.K. Shanwad, M.B. Patil, V. H, M. B.g , P. R, R. N.l. , S. S, R. Khosla, V.C. Patil |
3. Bayesian Methods for Predicting LAI and Soil MoistureCrop models describe the growth and development of a crop interacting with soil, climate, and managemen... M. Majdi, D. Benjamin, D. Marie-france |
4. Developing an Integrated Rice Management System for Improved Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Northeast China... G. Zhao, Y. Miao, F. Zhang, M. Fan |
5. Enhancing Farmers' Indigenous Knowledge Management in Cassava Varietal Trial Using Agro Ecosystem Analysis, Farmers' Drama Group and Animations in Eastern part of Nigeria.Researchers continue to come up with new varieties but farmer perspectives and preferences are very important factors for new varieties to spread in farmers’ communities. Researcher priorities alone are not enough. A variety may be ‘scientifically pe... C.C. Asiabaka, M.O. Adesope, C.C. Ifeanyi- obi, R.N. Nwakwasi, F. Nnadi, E.C. Matthews- njoku, J. Chikaire |
6. Comparison of Algorithms for Delineating Management Zones... A.M. Saraiva, R.T. Santos, J.P. Molin |
7. A Low Cost, Modular Robotics Tool Carrier for Precision Agriculture ResearchCurrent research within agricultural crop production focus on using autonomous robot technology to optimize the production efficiency, enhance sustainability and minimize tedious, monotonous and wearing tasks. But progress is slow pa... A. Bøgild, S.H. Nielsen, N.J. Jacobsen, C.L. Jaeger-hansen, R.N. Jørgensen, K. Jensen, O.J. Jørgensen |
8. Farmers Cooperatives in Georgia as Key Factor for Food Security... K. Nadiradze |
9. FOODIE Data Model for Precision AgricultureThe agriculture sector is a unique sector due to its strategic importance for both citizens (consumers) and economy (regional and global), which ideally should make the whole sector a network of interacting organizations. The FOODIE project aims at building an open and interoperable agricultural specialized platform hub on the cloud for the management of spatial and non-spatial data relevant for farming production. The FOODIE service platform deals with including their thematic, spatial, and ... K. Charvat, T. Reznik, K. Charvat jr., V. Lukas, S. Horakova, M. Kepka |
10. Modus: a Standard for Big DataModus Standard is a system of defined terminology, agreed metadata and file transfer format that has grown from a need to exchange, merge and trend agricultural testing data. The three presenters will discuss steps taken to develop the system, benefits to data exchange, current user base and additions being made to the standard. ... D. Nerpel, J.W. Ellsworth, A. Hunt |
11. Key Data Ownership, Privacy and Protection Issues and Strategies for the International Precision Agriculture IndustryPrecision agriculture companies seek to leverage technology to process greater volumes of data, greater varieties of data, and at a velocity unfathomable to most. The promises of boundless benefits are coupled with risks associated with data ownership, stewardship and privacy. This paper presents some risks related to the management of farm data, in general, as well as those unique to operating in the international arena. Examples of U.S. and international laws related to data protectio... J.K. Archer, C.A. Delgadillo, F. Shen |
12. Ownership and Protections of Farm DataFarm data has been a contentious point of debate with respect to ownership rights and impacts when access rights are misappropriated. One of the leading questions farmers ask deals with the protections provided to farm data. Although no specific laws or precedence exists, the possibility of trade secret is examined and ramifications for damages discussed. Farm management examples are provided to emphasize the potential outcomes of each possible recourse for misappropriating farm data. ... A. Ellixson, P. Goeringer, T. Griffin |
13. Toward Geopolitical-Context-Enabled Interoperability in Precision Agriculture: AgGateway's SPADE, PAIL, WAVE, CART and ADAPTAgGateway is a nonprofit consortium of 240+ businesses working to promote, enable and expand eAgriculture. It provides a non-competitive collaborative environment, transparent funding and governance models, and anti-trust and intellectual property policies that guide and protect members’ contributions and implementations. AgGateway primarily focuses on implementing existing standards and collaborating with other organizations to extend them when necessary. In 2010 AgGateway id... R. Ferreyra, D.B. Applegate, A.W. Berger, D.T. Berne, B.E. Craker, D.G. Daggett, A. Gowler, R.J. Bullock, S.C. Haringx, C. Hillyer, T. Howatt, B.K. Nef, S.T. Rhea, J.M. Russo, S.T. Nieman, P. Sanders, J.A. Wilson, J.W. Wilson, J.W. Tevis, M.W. Stelford, T.W. Shearouse, E.D. Schultz, L. Reddy |
14. Rationale for and Benefits of a Community for On-Farm Data SharingMost data sets for evaluating crop production practices have too few locations and years to create reliable probabilities from predictive analytical analyses for the success of the practices. Yield monitors on combines have the potential to enable networks of farmers in collaboration with scientists and farm advisors to collect sufficient data for calculation of more reliable guidelines for crop production showing the probabilities that new or existing practices will improve the efficiency of... T. Morris, N. Tremblay, P.M. Kyveryga, D.E. Clay, S. Murrell, I. Ciampitti, L. Thompson, D. Mueller, J. Seger |
15. Evaluation of the Effects of Telone Ii on Nitrogen Management and Yield in Louisiana Delta CottonResearch indicates that cotton yield on light soils within the alluvial flood plain of the Lower Mississippi delta may be increased by using chemical fumigation applications of Telone II and/or seed treatments to control infestations of plant parasitic nematodes. There is a documented interaction with fumigation and nitrogen and therefore a need to further understand the performance of site- specific treatment strategies for nitrogen (N) and fumigation treatments. In a small plot test conduct... E. Burris, D. Burns, K.S. Mccarter, C. Overstreet, M. Wolcott |
16. Terrain Modeling to Improve Soil Survey in North DakotaUsers of site-specific technologies would prefer to use digitized soil survey boundaries to help in delineating management zones for nutrient application. However, the present scale of soil type does not allow meaningful zone delineation. A project was conducted to use terrain modeling and other site- specific tools to delineate smaller-scale soil type boundaries that would be more useful for directing within-field nutrient management. Topography, soil EC, yield mapping and satellite imagery ... D.W. Franzen, J.L. Boettinger |
17. Regional Usefulness of Nitrogen Management Zone Delineation ToolsIn the Northern Plains of Montana, North Dakota and Minnesota, a number of site-specific tools have been used to delineate nitrogen management zones. A three-year study was conducted using yield mapping, elevation measurements, satellite imagery, aerial Ektochrome® photography, and soil EC to delineate nitrogen management zones and compare these zones to residual fall soil nitrate. At most of the sites, variable-rate N was applied and compared with uniform N application. The site-specific... D. Franzen, F. Casey, J. Staricka, D. Long, J. Lamb, A. Sims, M. Halvorson, V. Hofman |
18. Summary of Forty Years of Grid Sampling ResearchBetween the years of 1961 and 2001, two 12.5-ha fields in Illinois were sampled for soil pH, and available P and K in a 24.3-m grid. One field was sampled beginning in 1961 while the other field was sampled from 1982. At each sampling, the samples were obtained in the same grid. This resulted in the ability not only to compare grid sample density to delineate fertility patterns within the fields, but also to determine the rate of soil test change with P and K applications, the change in ferti... D.W. Franzen |
19. Development of Real-time Color Analysis for the On- Line Automated Weeding OperationsWeeds compete with the crop for water, light, nutrients and space, and therefore reduce crop yields and also affect the efficient use of machinery. Chemical sprayer is the most popular method to eradicate weeds but has cause hazardous to the environment, crops and workers. A smart sprayer is required to control the usage of chemical weedicides at the optimal level. Thus an on-line automated sprayer is introduced to the Malaysian farmers to locate in the real time environment the existence and... W. Wan ismail, K. Abdul rahman |
20. Precision Placement of Corn Gluten Meal for Weed Control in Organic Vegetable ProductionOrganic vegetable producers rank weeds as one of their most troublesome, time consuming, and costly production problems. As a result of the limited number of organically approved weed control herbicides, the precision placement of these materials increases their potential usefulness in organic production systems. As a non-selective preemergence or preplant-incorporated herbicide, corn gluten meal (CGM) inhibits root development; decreases shoot length, and reduces plant survival. The developm... C.L. Webber iii, M.J. Taylor, J.W. Shrefler |
21. Plant and N Impacts on Corn (Zea Mays) Growth: Whats Controlling Yield?Studies were conducted in South Dakota to assess mechanisms of intraspecific competition between corn (Zea mays) plants. Treatments were two plant populations (74,500 and 149,000 plants ha-1), three levels of shade (0, 40, and 60%) on the low plant population, two water treatments (natural precipitation and natural + irrigation), and two N rates (0 and 228 kg N ha-1). In-season leaf chlorophyll content was measured. At harvest, grain and stover yields were quantified with grain 13C-d... D.E. Clay, S.A. Clay, G. Reicks, D. Horvath |
22. Principal Component Analysis of Rice Production Environment in the Rice Terrace RegionEnvironmental conditions that affect rice production, such as air temper- ature, relative humidity, solar radiation, effective cation exchangeable capacity (ECEC) of the soil, and total nitrogen in irrigation water, were assessed for 4 paddy fields in Hoshino village, Fukuoka prefecture in Japan. Also, environ- mental factors that affected rice quality (physicochemical properties of rice grains and cooked rice) were identified using data during the beginning of a ripening period (20 days afte... Y. Hirai, Y. Beppu, Y. Mori, K. Tomita, K. Hamagami, K. Mori, S. Uchida, S. Inaba |
23. Mapping Surface Soil Properties Using Terrain and Remotely Sensed Data in Arsanjan Plain, Southern IranSustainable land management and land use planning require reliable information about the spatial distribution of the physical and chemical soil properties affecting both landscape processes and services. Spatial prediction with the presence of spatially dense ancillary variables has attracted research in pedometrics. The main objective of this research is to enhance prediction of soil properties such electrical conductivity (ECe), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), available phosphorus (P)... M. Baghernejad, M. Emadi |
24. 3d Object Recognition, Localization and Treatment of Rumex Obtusifolius in Its Natural EnvironmentRumex obtusifolius is one of the most highly competitive and persistent sorts of weed in agriculture. An automatic recognition and plant-treatment system is currently under development as an alternative treatment technique. An infrared-laser triangulation sensor and a high-resolution smart camera are used to generate 3D images of the weeds and their natural environment. In a segmentation process, contiguous surface patches are separated from one other. These 3D surface patc... M. Holpp, T. Anken, D. Seatovic, R. Grueninger, R. Hueppi |
25. Zone Mapping Application for Precision-farming: a Decision Support Tool for Variable Rate ApplicationWe have developed a web-based decision support tool, Zone Mapping Application for Precision Farming (ZoneMAP, http://zonemap.umac.org), which can automatically determine the optimal number of management zones and delineate them using satellite imagery and field survey data provided by users. Application rates, say for fertilizer, can be prescribed for each zone and downloaded in a variety of formats to ensure compatibility with GPS-enabled farming applicators. ZoneMAP is linked to Digital Nor... X. Zhang, C. Helgason, G. Seielstad, L. Shi |
26. Application of Geographic Information Systems in Socioeconomic Analysis: A Case of Integrated Soil Fertility Management in the Savannas of NigeriaPopulation pressure increases, shortened fallow cycles, cropping intensification, inaccessibility and low output prices as well as concerns about agricultural sustainability and self-sufficiency have combined to contribute to increased demand for integrated soil fertility management of the agricultural resource base. Following this situation, organic fertilizer in the form of animal manure becomes one of the principal sources of nutrients for soil fertility maintenance and crop production. He... O. Olayide, A. Alene, A. Ikpi, G. Nziguheba, T. Alabi |
27. Soil Moisture, Organic Matter and Potassium Influences on Eca MeasurementSpatial variability of soil physical and chemical properties is a fundamental element of site-specific soil and crop management. Since its early implementation in agriculture as a method of measuring soil salinity, the acceptance of Apparent Electrical Conductivity (ECa) in agriculture has been popular as a method of determining the spatial variability of soil physical and chemical properties that influence the ECa estimates. It was the objective of this study to examine the spatial-temporal ... R.R. Struthers, C.J. Johannsen, D.K. Morris |
28. Evaluation of Utilization Potential for Methods of Georeference in the Management of Weed Contamination of Potato CulturesCombating crop contamination with harmful invasive species is one of the main themes of agricultural research. For the potato cultures, the weed contamination decreases not only the quality but also the quantity of the harvest. The most invasive contamination for this culture is represented by the Agropyron repens and Sorgum halepense, two invasive and very nocive species characterized by underground stems able to penetrate the potato¢s tubercle and decrease their stora... L. Musetescu, M. Gidea |
29. An Economic Feasibility Assessment for Adoption of Autonomous Field Machinery in Row Crop ProductionA multi-faceted whole farm planning model was developed to compare conventional and autonomous machinery for grain crop production. Results suggested that autonomous machinery could be an economically viable alternative to conventional manned machinery if the establishment of intelligent controls was cost effective. An increase in net returns of 22% over operating with conventional machinery was found. This study also identified the break-even investment price for intelligen... J.M. Shockley, C. Dillon |
30. A Long-Term Precision Agriculture System Maintains ProfitabilityAfter two decades of availability of grain yield-mapping technology, long-term trends in field-scale profitability for precision agriculture (PA) systems and conservation practices can now be assessed. Field-scale profitability of a conventional or ‘business-as-usual’ system with an annual corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max [L.]) rotation and annual tillage was assessed for 11 years on a 36-ha field in central Missouri during 1993 to 2003. Following this, a ‘precision a... M.A. Yost, N.R. Kitchen, K.A. Sudduth, S.T. Drummond, R.E. Massey |
31. Yield Maps, Soil Maps, and Technical Efficiency: Evidence from U.S. Corn FieldsYield maps and GPS-based soil maps have been increasingly used in U.S. agriculture but little research has explored the economic relationship between mapping technologies and agricultural productivity. Research on this relationship is lacking, perhaps because maps are information inputs that do not directly enter the production function in a comparable way to conventional inputs. A stochastic frontier model was used to evaluate one potential avenue through which mapping technologies may influ... J. Mcfadden, A. Rosburg |
32. Evaluation of the Potential for Precision Agriculture and Soil Conservation at Farm and Watershed Scale: A Case StudyPrecision agriculture and soil conservation have the potential to increase crop yield and economic return while reducing environmental impacts. Landform, spatial variability of soil processes, and temporal trends may affect crop N response and should be considered for precision agriculture. The objective of this research was to evaluate the viability of precision agriculture in improving N use efficiency and profitability at the farm and watershed level in western Canada. Two studies are desc... M. Khakbazan, A. Moulin, J. Huang, P. Michiels, R. Xie |
33. A Comparative Study of Field-Wide Estimation of Soil Moisture Using Compressive SensingIn precision agriculture, monitoring of soil moisture plays an essential role in correct decision making. In practice, regular mesh installation, or large random deployment of moisture sensors over a large field is not possible due to cost and maintenance prohibitions. Consequently, direct measurement of moisture is possible at only a few points in the field. A value for the moisture may then be estimated for the remaining areas using a variety of algorithms. It is shown that althou... H. Pourshamsaei, A. Nobakhti |
34. Barriers to Adoption of Smart Farming Technologies in GermanyThe number of smart farming technologies available on the market is growing rapidly. Recent surveys show that despite extensive research efforts and media coverage, adoption of smart farming technologies is still lower than expected in Germany. Media analysis, a multi stakeholder workshop, and the Adoption and Diffusion Outcome Prediction Tool (ADOPT) (Kuehne et al. 2017) were applied to analyze the underlying adoption barriers that explain the low to moderate adoption levels of smart farming... M. Gandorfer, S. Schleicher, K. Erdle |
35. Akkerweb: A Platform for Precision Farming Data, Science, and PracticeThe concept of precision farming (PF) was formulated about 40 years ago and the scientific knowledge for some applications of PF in The Netherlands has been available for almost 20 years. Also, in many cases equipment is available to implement PF in practice. In spite of all this PF uptake is still limited. An important reason for the limited uptake of PF is in the challenges that must be overcome to let data flow from sensors to data storage, to combine data sources and process them into rec... F.K. Van evert, T. Been, J.A. Booij, C. Kempenaar, G.J. Kessel, L.P. Molendijk |
36. Using Profitability Map to Make Precision Farming Decisions: A Case Study in MississippiRecent development in precision agriculture technologies have generated massive amount of geospatial data of farming, such as yield mapping, seeding rates, input applications, and so on. However, producers are still struggling to convert those precision data into farm management decisions to improve productivity and profitability of farming. Indeed, deriving accurate decisions at each site of the field requires complex and comprehensive modeling of crop yield responses to vari... X. Li, K. Coble |
37. Toward a Precision Agricultural Implementation for Sugar Cane Plantations in Southwestern Region of Colombia, South AmericaThe Colombian Sugar Cane Research Center, CENICAÑA, has initiated an ambitious project for the implementation of Precision Agriculture (PA) technologies in the Cauca river valley region, where one of its main objectives is to have the ability to collect large volumes of geospatial data. The main sugarcane growers in the country perform their work in the selected work area, which covers an area of approximately 242,000 ha, characterized by diverse topographic and edaphic condition... J.A. Celades, J.H. Caicedo, C.E. García, H. Mora |
38. Adoption of Precision Agriculture Technology: A Duration AnalysisPrecision agriculture technologies have been available for adoption and utilization at the farm level for several decades. Some technologies have been readily adopted while others were adopted more slowly. An analysis of 621 Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA) farmer members provided insights regarding adoption, upgrading, and abandonment of technology. The likelihood that farms adopt specific technology given that other technology had been adop... T.W. Griffin, E.A. Yeager |
39. The Impact of Precision Agriculture Technologies on Farm Profitability in KansasEven with more than a decade long adoption of the precision agriculture (PA) technologies in the United States, its impact on farm profitability is still not clear. This paper uses farm level data from Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA) to conduct the ex-post evaluation of PA technologies on farm profitability in Kansas. The analysis of the data using propensity score matching method indicates that there is on an average $60,000 difference in net returns of the farm with at least one P... S. Dhoubhadel, T.W. Griffin |
40. Variable-Rate-Fertilization of Phosphorus and Lime – Economic Effects and Maximum Allowed Costs for Small-Scale Soil AnalysisThe pH values and macro nutrient contents are characterised by considerable variance within a field. A constant-rate-fertilization, which is practiced at most farms, does not reduce this effect, it may even boost variance. Besides the suboptimal nutrient supply, the site-specific yield potential is not exploited. Constant-rate-fertilization and liming results in an inefficient utilisation by over- and undersupply of most of the areas within a field. Fertilization with lime and phosphorus caus... S. Schulte-ostermann, P. Wagner |
41. Risk Efficiency of Site-Specific Nitrogen Management with Respect to Grain QualityProfitability analyses of site-specific nitrogen management strategies have often failed to provide reasons for adoption of precision farming implements. However, often effects of precision farming on product quality and price premiums were not taken into account. This study aims to evaluate comparative advantages of site-specific nitrogen management over uniform nitrogen management with respect to aspects of risk, considering fertilizer effects on grain quality and price premiums. We develop... A. Meyer-aurich, Y. Karatay, M. Gandorfer |
42. Use Cases for Real Time Data in AgricultureAgricultural data of many types (yield, weather, soil moisture, field operations, topography, etc.) comes in varied geospatial aggregation levels and time increments. For much of this data, consumption and utilization is not time sensitive. For other data elements, time is of the essence. We hypothesize that better quality data (for those later analyses) will also follow from real-time presentation and application of data for it is during the time that data is being collected that errors can ... J. Krogmeier, D. Buckmaster, A. Ault, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, A. Layton, S. Noel, A. Balmos |
43. A Gap Analysis of Broadband Connectivity and Precision Agriculture Adoption in Southwestern Ontario, CanadaIn Southwestern Ontario (Canada), the availability of broadband, or high-speed internet, likely influences the adoption of precision agriculture (PA) technologies and functions of these technologies which enable real-time data sharing between the field and the digital cloud, and back again to the farm-level user. This paper examines the reasons why PA technologies are, or are not adopted, and adoption in relation to varying levels of broadband access. Broadband access is defined here with var... H. Hambly, M. Chowdury |
44. Development of a Wireless Sensor Network for Passive in situ Measurement of Soil CO2 Gas Emissions in the Agriculture LandscapeQuantification of soil Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural fields is essential for understanding the environmental impact of intensive crop and livestock production systems. Current methods of analysis include flux calculations derived from the concentration of gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) exchanged between soil and the atmosphere. Samples of these GHG are obtained manually by closed non-steady state non-flow through,or “static”, chambers and analyzed ex situvia ga... V. Adamchuk, M. Debbagh, C. Madramootoo, J. Whalen |