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1. Relationship of Soil Properties to Apparent Ground Conductivity in Wild Blueberry FieldsOne of the fundamental deficiencies in high value crops is the lack of detailed, up-to-date and pertinent geo-referenced soil information for site-specific crop management to improve productivity. This experiment was designed to estimate and map soil properties rapidly and reliably using an electromagnetic induction (EMI) method. Two wild blueberry... F.S. Khan, Q.U. Zaman, A.W. Schumann, A. Madani, D.C. Percival, A.A. Farooque, S.R. Saleem, F.S. Khan |
2. In-Season Nitrogen Requirement For Maize Using Model And Sensor-Based Recommendation ApproachesNitrogen (N), an essential element, is often limiting to plant growth. There is great value in determining the optimum quantity and timing of N application to meet crop needs while minimizing losses. Low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has been attributed to several factors including poor synchrony between N fertilizer and crop demand, unaccounted for spatial variability resulting in varying crop N needs, and temporal variances in crop N needs. Applying a portion... L.J. Stevens, R.B. Ferguson, D.W. Franzen, N.R. Kitchen |
3. Unmanned Aerial System To Determine Nitrogen Status In MaizeMaize field production shows spatial variability during vegetative crop growth that could be used to prescribe nitrogen variable rates. The use of portable sensors mounted on high-clearance applicators is well documented, however new UAS vehicle equipped with high resolution digital cameras could be used to determine crop spatial variability with the advantage of survey extensive field areas. To our knowledge, comparisons between vegetation indices obtained by a modified digital camera and... A.C. Kemerer, S.M. Albarenque, R.J. Melchiori |
4. Modifying the University of Missouri Corn Canopy Sensor Algorithm Using Soil and Weather InformationCorn production across the U.S. Corn belt can be often limited by the loss of nitrogen (N) due to leaching, volatilization and denitrification. The use of canopy sensors for making in-season N fertilizer applications has been proven effective in matching plant N requirements with periods of rapid N uptake (V7-V11), reducing the amount of N lost to these processes. However, N recommendation algorithms used in conjunction with canopy sensor measurements have not proven accurate in making N recommendations... G. Bean, N.R. Kitchen, D.W. Franzen, R.J. Miles, C. Ransom, P. Scharf, J. Camberato, P. Carter, R.B. Ferguson, F. Fernandez, C. Laboski, E. Nafziger, J. Sawyer, J. Shanahan |
5. Compensating for Soil Moisture Effects in Estimation of Soil Properties by Electrical Conductivity SensingBulk apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) is the most widely used soil sensing modality in precision agriculture. Soil ECa relates to multiple soil properties, including clay content (i.e., texture) and salt content (i.e., salinity). However, calibrations of ECa to soil properties are not temporally stable, due in large part to soil moisture differences between measurement dates. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of temporal soil moisture variations... K.A. Sudduth, N.R. Kitchen, E.D. Vories, S.T. Drummond |
6. Towards Universal Applicability of On-the-Go Gamma-Spectrometry for Soil Texture Estimation in Precision Farming by Using Machine Learning ApplicationsHigh resolution soil data are an essential prerequisite for the application of precision farming techniques. Sensor-based evaluation of soil properties may replace or at least reduce laborious, time-consuming and expensive soil sampling with subsequent measurements in the lab. Gamma spectrometry usually provides information that can be translated into topsoil texture data after calibration. This is because the natural content of the radioactive isotopes 40-K, 232-Th, and 238-U as well... S. Pätzold, T. Heggemann, M. Leenen, S. Koszinski, K. Schmidt, G. Welp |
7. Estimating Soil Carbon Stocks with In-field Visible and Near-infrared SpectroscopyAgricultural lands can be a sink for carbon and play an important role in offsetting carbon emissions. Current methods of measuring carbon sequestration—through repeated temporal soil samples—are costly and laborious. A promising alternative is using visible, near-infrared (VNIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. However, VNIR data are complex, which requires several data processing steps and often yields inconsistent results, especially when using in situ VNIR measurements. Using... C.J. Ransom, C. Vong, K.S. Veum, K.A. Sudduth, N.R. Kitchen, J. Zhou |
8. Investigation of Automated Analysis of Snowmelt from Time-series Sentinel 2 Imagery to Inform Spatial Patterns of Spring Soil Moisture in the American Mountain WestVariable rate irrigation of crops is a promising approach for saving water whilst maintaining crop yields in the semi-arid American Mountain West – much of which is currently experiencing a mega drought. The first step in determining irrigation zones involves characterizing the patterns of spatial variation in soil moisture and determining if these are relatively stable temporally in relation to topographic features and soil texture. Characterizing variable rate irrigation zones is usually... I. Turner, R. Kerry, R. Jensen, E. Woolley, N. Hansen, B. Hopkins |
9. Developing a Machine Learning and Proximal Sensing-based In-season Site-specific Nitrogen Management Strategy for Corn in the US MidwestEffective in-season site-specific nitrogen (N) management strategies are urgently needed to ensure both food security and sustainable agricultural development. Different active canopy sensor-based precision N management strategies have been developed and evaluated in different parts of the world. Recent studies evaluating several sensor-based N recommendation algorithms across the US Midwest indicated that these locally developed algorithms generally did not perform well when used broadly across... D. Li, Y. Miao, .G. Fernández, N.R. Kitchen, C. . Ransom, G.M. Bean, .E. Sawyer, J.J. Camberato, .R. Carter, R.B. Ferguson, D.W. Franzen, D.W. Franzen, D.W. Franzen, D.W. Franzen, C.A. Laboski, E.D. Nafziger, J.F. Shanahan |
10. Spatial Analysis of Soil Moisture and Turfgrass Health to Determine Zones for Spatially Variable Irrigation ManagementThe Western United States is currently experiencing a “Mega Drought”. This makes efficient water use more important than ever. Turfgrass is a major vegetation type in urban areas and performs many ecosystem services such as cooling through evapotranspiration, fixing carbon from the atmosphere and reducing wild-fire risk. There are now more acres of irrigated turfgrass (>40 million) in the USA than irrigated corn, wheat and fruit trees combined (Milesi et al., 2005). It has been... R. Kerry, S. Shumate, B. Ingram, K. Hammond, D. Gunther, R. Jensen, S. Schill, N. Hansen, B. Hopkins |
11. Spatio-temporal Analysis of Soil Moisture and Turfgrass Health to Investigate the Temporal Stability of Variable Rate Irrigation ZonesThe western USA has been experiencing severe drought conditions for at least the last 20 years. The population in many areas of the west, like Utah, has also increased greatly in this time putting greater strain on the limited freshwater supply. While agriculture is generally the sector consuming the largest proportion of freshwater, conversion of agricultural land to urban areas with lawns, parks and playing fields may result in some reduction of water use, but the EPA have estimated that as... R. Kerry, K. Sanders, A. Swenson, A. Henrie, N. Hansen, B. Hopkins, B. Ingram |