The agreement signed at COP-21 reaffirms the vital compromise of Brazil with sugarcane and ethanol production. To meet the established targets, the ethanol production should be 54 billion liters in 2030. From the agronomic standpoint, two alternatives are possible; increase the planted area and/or agricultural yield. The present study aimed to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts in sugarcane production meeting the established targets in São Paulo state. In this context, were evaluated how the precision agriculture (PA) technologies could help sugarcane production reach the established targets from agreement. Only expanding the area, an increase of 2 million hectares (ha) would be required, suggesting that the expansion should be in other Brazilian states as well. However, scientific results have shown that it is more feasible to increase the agricultural yield. This alternative can reduce 29% of the total production costs. Considering that the average yield should rise from 77.5 Mg ha-1 to 111 Mg ha-1 by 2030, the total production costs will be reduced 29%. The use of PA technologies can contribute significative reducing production cost and increasing agricultural yield. From an environmental point of view, the adoption of PA technologies can reduce around 20% of climate change and fossil depletion compared with current scenario, that will be essential to reach the goals. Manage spatial and temporal variability of crops and soils will allow to maximize the sugarcane production, reducing production costs and environmental impacts through the rational use of inputs.