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1. Extension: Precision Ariculture On The InternetThis session will include an overall description of the new eXtension precision agriculture Web site. eXtension is an interactive learning environment delivering the best, most researched knowledge from land-grant university across America. Session participants will learn about the Website, and how to participate in the continued site development. The precision agriculture eXtension Web site is a virtual platform for engage... J. Nowatzki, T. Brase |
2. Not Possible In Real Life: Precision Agriculture’s Future In 3D Virtual WorldsImmersive 3D virtual worlds may be several years away from mainstream adoption, but thousands of scientists, educators, and visionary thinkers are already using these environments to network with colleagues, conduct research, create engaging simulations, and develop instructional models that can reach global audiences. Virtual reality offers the potential to create dynamic content that is either not possible to build in real life, or prohibitively expensive. Travel costs can be reduced by bri... L. Phillips |
3. The Scholarship Of eXtensioneXtension (www.extension.org) is an interactive on-line learning environment delivering "best of the best," researched-based knowledge from the top minds across the land-grant university system. It is a space where university content providers can collaborate to gather and produce new educational and information resources on wide-ranging topics while continually interacting with their customers to help solve real-life problems in real time. The works of ... M. Lambur |
4. We Want You: Contributing Your Expertise To A Community Of Practice (COP)eXtension Communities of Practice (CoP’s) are online collaborative networks of subject matter experts. Community of Practice as a method are not new, almost everyone has come across one by now, but you may not have realized what you were looking at was a collaborative effort. CoP’s exist on sites like Consumer Reports, in CNET, and many other places where groups of experts work to create the content that populates a website. Communities are self-... A. Hays |
5. Development And Evaluation Of A Leaf Monitoring System For Continuous Measurement Of Plant Water Status In Almond And Walnut CropsAbstract: Leaf temperature measurements using handheld infrared thermometers have been used to predict plant water stress by calculating crop water stress index (CWSI). However, for CWSI calculations it is recommended to measure canopy temperature of trees under saturated, stressed and current conditions simultaneously, which is not very practical while using handheld units. An inexpensive, easy to use sensing system was developed to predict plant water status for tree crops by ... F. Rojo, J. Roach, R. Coates, S. Upadhyaya, M. Delwiche, C. Han, R. Dhillon |
6. Soil Mapping And Modeling On Twenty-Five Ingredients Using A Real-Time Soil SensorVisible and near-infrared spectroscopy is an effective measurement method for estimating many soil ingredients at once. In precision agriculture, rapid, non-destructive, cost-effective and convenient soil analysis techniques are needed for soil management, crop quality control using fertilizer, manure and compost, and variable-rate input for soil variability in a field. We obtained Twenty-five calibration models based on Vis-NIR (305 - 1700 nm) underground soil ... M. Kodaira, S. Shibusawa |
7. Suitability Of Crop Canopy Sensors For Determining Irrigation Differences In MaizeWater is the most limiting factor for agricultural production in the semiarid environment of the western Great Plains of the United States. Dry climate conditions combined with a large availability of ground water has led to crop systems that are dependent on irrigation for maximum yields. An increased emphasis on water is forcing users to find new ways to increase the efficiency of water used for agriculture. Crop canopy sensors may have the potential to deter... G. Kruger, S. Van donk, T.M. Shaver |
8. Visible And Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Monitoring Potentially Toxic Elements In Reclaimed Dumpsite Soils Of The Czech RepublicDue to rapid economic development, high levels of potentially harmful elements and heavy metals are continuously being released into the brown coal mining dumpsites of the Czech Republic. Elevated metal contents in soils not only dramatically impact the soil quality, but also due to their persistent nature and long biological half-lives, contaminant elements can accumulate in the food chain and can eventually endanger human health. Conventional methods for investigating potentia... L. Borùvka, M. Saberioon, R. Vašát, A. Gholizadeh |
9. Evaluation Of The Temporal And Operational Stability Of Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity MeasurementsMeasuring apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), using galvanic contact resistivity (GCR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques is frequently used to implement site-specific crop management. Various research projects have demonstrated the possibilities for significant changes in the measured quantities over time with relatively stable spatial structure representations. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of temporal drift and operational noise for three... V.I. Adamchuk, A. Mat su |
10. Development Of An On-The-Spot Analyzer For Measuring Soil Chemical PropertiesProximal soil sensing (PSS) is a growing area of research and development focusing on the use of sensors to obtain information on the physical, chemical and biological attributes of soil when they are placed in contact with, or at a distance of less than 2 m, from the target. These sensor systems have been used to 1) make measurements at specific locations, 2) produce a set of measurements related to soil depth profiles, or 3) monitor changes in soil properties over time. In eac... V.I. Adamchuk, N. Dhawale, F. Rene-laforest |
11. Measuring And Mapping Sugarcane GapsSugarcane is an important crop in tropical regions of the world and especially for Brazil, the largest sugar supplier in the market, also running a domestic fleet of flex-fuel driven vehicles based on ethanol. Site specific production management can impact sugarcane production by increasing yield and reducing cost. Sugarcane fields are planted each five years, in average, and an important parameter that is measured after the planting operation is the gaps caused by problems during planti... J.P. Veiga, D.S. Cavalcante, J.P. Molin |
12. Development Of Online Soil Profile Sensor For Variable Depth TillageIntroduction First introduced in the early 1990s, precision agriculture technologies, or site-specific management, were considered by many to be perhaps the most significant development in production agriculture focused on improving farm profitability. The initial focus was on fertility, and treating the variability that we all knew existed from our experiences with soil sampling. However, to a large extent this application stil... A.B. Tekin, H. Yalcin |
13. 3-Dimension Reconstruction Of Cactus Using Multispectral ImagesUsing 3D reconstruction result to investigate plant morphology has been a focus of virtual plant. And multispectral imaging has proved to carried biological information in quite a lot work. This paper present a idea to investigate chlorophyll spatial variability of cactus using a bunch of multispectral images. 46 multispectral images are taken at equally distributed angles surrounding the tree and have over 80% overlap. Structure from motion approach has been u... F. Liu, Y. He, Y. Zhang, L. Tan, Y. Zhang, L. Jiang |
14. A Method For Sampling Scab Spots On Apple Leaves In The Orchard Using Machine VisionIntroduction One of the largest threats in apple orchards is scab. Current procedures involve models based on weather data that predict the likelihood of scab attacks. In case of alarm the orchard is sprayed with preventive pesticides and this typically happens 25-30 times per season. The scab attacks the leaves and stays on fallen leaves that reinfect the trees with rainwater, making it an advantage to include a-priori knowledge on previous... M.G. Bertelsen, K. Nielsen, M.R. Nielsen |
15. Using A Potable Spectroradiometer For In-Situ Measurement Of Soil Properties In A Slope Citrus FieldIn precision agriculture, rapid, non-destructive, cost-effective and convenient soil analysis techniques are needed for crop and soil management. However, the spatial variability of soil properties is consider to be high cost and time consuming to characterize using traditional soil analysis method. To achieve cost and time reduction, the potential benefits of in-situ measurement of soil spectra have been recognized. ... S. Shibusawa, H. Umeda, K. Usui, M. Kodaira, Q. Li |
16. Rapid Sensing For Water Stress Detection In Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica)In recent years, the drought conditions due to changing climate patterns have adversely affected the U.S. agriculture. The 2012 drought that damaged major crops in Midwest was one of the most severe in last 25 years. It has resulted in losses of production, revenue, livestock and jobs, and has increased food prices. Under these circumstances, farmers are focused to use the water resources carefully. The researchers are working together to develop new crop varieties resistant to ... S. Sankaran, M. Wang, P. Ellsworth, A. Cousins |
17. Field-Based High-Throughput Phenotyping Approach For Soybean Plant ImprovementThe continued development of new, high yielding cultivars needed to meet the world’s growing food demands will be aided by improving the technology to rapidly phenotype potential cultivars. High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) is essential to maximize the greatest value of genetics analysis and to better understand the plant biology and physiology in view of a “Feed the World in 2050” theme. Field-based high-throughput&nb... L. Li, D. Jiang, R.P. Campos, Z. Lu, L.F. Tian |
18. Multivariate Geostatistics As A Tool To Estimate Physical And Chemical Soil Properties With Reduced Sampling In Area Planted With SugarcanePrecision Agriculture (PA) can be described as a set of tools and techniques applied to agriculture in order to enable localized production management, considering the spatial and temporal variability of crop fields. Among the numerous existing tools, one of the most important ones is the use of geostatistics, whose main objective is the description of spatial patterns and estimation data in non-sampled places. Nowadays, one of the most limiting factors to t... G.M. Sanches, P.S. Graziano magalhaes, H.C. Franco, A.Z. Remacre |
19. Evaluating Leaf Fluorescence Sensor Dualex 4 For Estimating Rice Nitrogen Status In Northeast ChinaReal-time non-destructive diagnosis of crop nitrogen (N) status is crucially important for the success of in-season site-specific N management. Chlorophyll meter (CM) has been commonly used to non-destructively estimate crop leaf chlorophyll concentration, and indirectly estimate crop N status. Dualex 4 is a newly developed leaf fluorescence sensor that can estimate both leaf chlorophyll concentration and polyphenolics, especially flavonoids. When N is deficient, N stress can in... W. Yu, Y. Miao, S. Hu, J. Shen, H. Wang |
20. Selection Of Fluorescence Indices For The Proximal Sensing Of Single And Multiple Stresses In Sugar BeetThe use of fluorescence indices for sensing the impact of abiotic and biotic stresses in agricultural crops is well documented in the literature. Pigment fluorescence gives a precise picture about the plant physiology and its changes following the occurrence of stresses. In general, alterations in such optical signals is caused either by the stress-induced accumulation of one or more fluorophores, or the degradation of specific molecules like chlorophyll. Unfortunately, many str... G. Leufen, G. Noga, M. Hunsche |
21. Use Of Active Radiometers To Estimate Biomass, Leaf Area Index, And Plant Height In CottonActive radiometers have been tested extensively as tools to assess in-season nitrogen (N) status of crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum), corn (Zea mays), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Fewer studies target in-season plant growth parameters such as biomass, plant height or leaf area index (LAI). Uses of this plant data include simulation modeling, total N uptake measurements, evapotranspiration (ET) estimates and irrigati... K.R. Thorp, J.W. White, M.M. Conley, J. Mon, K.F. Bronson |
22. Prediction Of Cation Exchange Capacity Using Visible And Near Infrared SpectroscopyCation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil is a measure of the soil ability to hold positively charged ions and is an important indicator of soil physicochemical characteristic. It is an important property for site specific management of soil nutrients in precision agriculture. The conventional analytical methods used for the determination of CEC are expensive, difficult and time consuming, because different cations must be extracted and determined. Visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) sp... Y. Ulusoy, Z. Tümsavas, A.M. Mouazen, Y. Tekin |
23. Hand-Held Sensor For Measuring Crop Reflectance And Assessing Crop Biophysical CharacteristicsCrop vigor is difficult enough to define, let alone characterize and conveniently quantify. The human eye is particularly sensitive to green light, but quantifying subtle differences in plant greenness is subjective and therefore problematic in terms of making definitive management decisions. Plant greenness is one component of crop vigor and leaf area index or the relative ability o... J.S. Schepers, K.H. Holland |
24. Airborne Active Optical Sensors (AOS) For Photosynthetically-Active Biomass Sensing: Current Status And Future OpportunitiesThe first published deployment of an active optical reflectance sensor (AOS) in a low-flying aircraft in 2009 catalyzed numerous developments in both sensor development and sensor platform integration. Integral to these sensors is a modulated light source composed of high power LED technology that emits high radiance polychromatic light. The sensor easily mounts to agricultural aircraft and can sense agricultural landscapes at altitudes from a few meters to altitudes exceeding 40 meters ... K.H. Holland, D.W. Lamb |
25. Development Of An Enterprise Level Precision Agriculture SystemDevelopment of an Enterprise Level Precision Agriculture System James Ellingson, Chih Lai University of St. Thomas, School of Engineering 2115 Summit Ave, St. Paul, MN USA elli4729@stthomas.edu; Abstract – In this paper, a plan for the development of an Enterprise Level system for Precision Agriculture (PA) is described. The ... J.L. Ellingson, B.K. Holub, S.E. Morgan, B.K. Werkmeister |
26. Detection Of Nitrogen Deficiency In Potatoes Using Small Unmanned Aircraft SystemsSmall Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) are recognized as potentially important remote-sensing platforms for precision agriculture. A nitrogen rate experiment was established in 2013 with ‘Ranger Russet’ potatoes by applying four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (112, 224, 337, and 449 kg N/ha) in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. A Tetracam Hawkeye sUAS and Agricultural Digital Camera Lite sensor were used to collect imagery with near-infra... D.A. Horneck, D.J. Gadler, A.E. Bruce, R.W. Turner, C.B. Spinelli, J.J. Brungardt, P.B. Hamm, E. Hunt |
27. The TOAS Project: UAV Technology For Optimizing Herbicide Applications In Weed-Crop SystemsSite-specific weed management refers to the application of customised control treatments, mainly herbicide, only where weeds are located within the crop-field. In this context, the TOAS project is being developed under the financial support of the European Commission with the main objective of generating georeferenced weed infestation maps of certain herbaceous (corn and sunflower) and permanent woody crops (poplar and olive orchards) by using aerial images collected by an unmanned aeria... J.M. Peña, J. Torres-sanchez, A.I. De castro, J. Dorado, F. Lopez-granados |
28. Applying Conventional Vegetation Vigor Indices To UAS-Derived Orthomosaics: Issues And ConsiderationsIn recent years, unmanned airborne systems (UAS) have gained a lot of interest for their potential use in precision agriculture. While the imagery from near-infrared (NIR) enabled off-the-shelf cameras included in UAS can be directly used to facilitate crop scouting, the application in quantitative analyses remains cumbersome. The ultimate goal is to calculate (nitrogen) prescription maps from vegetation indices obtained from UAS imagery, but two main issues hamper this workflow: (1) the... J. Quaderer, J. Coonen, A. Lange, K. Pauly |
29. Verify The Effectiveness Of UAS-Mounted Sensors In Field Crop And Livestock Production Management IssuesThis research project is a “proof-of-concept” demonstrating specific UAS applications in production agriculture. Project personnel will use UAS-mounted sensors to collect data of ongoing crop and livestock research projects during the 2014 crop season at the North Dakota State University (NDSU) Carrington Research Extension Center (CREC). Project personnel will collaborate with NDSU research scientists conducting research at the CREC. During the first year of the pro... S. Bajwa, J. Nowatzki, W. Harnisch, B. Schatz, V. Anderson |
30. Unmanned Aerial System Applications In Washington State AgricultureThree applications of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) based imaging were explored in row, field, and horticultural crops at Washington State University (WSU). The applications were: to evaluate the necrosis rate in potato field crop rotation trials, to quantify the emergence rates of three winter wheat advanced yield trials, and detecting canker disease-infection in pear. The UAS equipped with green-NDVI imaging was used to acquire field aerial images. In the first appli... L. Khot, S. Sankaran, D. Johnson, A. Carter, S. Serra, S. Musacchi, T. Cummings |
31. Weed Seedlings Detection In Winter Cereals For Site-Specific Control: Use Of UAV Imagery To Overcome The ChallengeWeed management is an important part of the investments in crop production. Cost of herbicides accounts for approximately 40% of the cost of all the chemicals applied to agricultural land in Europe. In order to increase the profitability of crop production and to reduce the environmental concerns related to chemicals application, it is needed to develop site-specific weed management strategies in which herbicides are only applied in the crop zones were weeds spread. Moreover, th... J. Peña, A. De castro, F. López-granados, J. Torres-sánchez |
32. Unmanned Aerial System To Determine Nitrogen Status In MaizeMaize field production shows spatial variability during vegetative crop growth that could be used to prescribe nitrogen variable rates. The use of portable sensors mounted on high-clearance applicators is well documented, however new UAS vehicle equipped with high resolution digital cameras could be used to determine crop spatial variability with the advantage of survey extensive field areas. To our knowledge, comparisons between vegetation indices obtained by a modified digital camera a... A.C. Kemerer, S.M. Albarenque, R.J. Melchiori |
33. sUAVS Technology For Better Monitoring Crop Status For Winter CanolaThe small-unmanned aircraft vehicles (sUAVS) are currently gaining more popularity in agriculture with uses including identification of weeds and crop production issues, diagnosing nutrient deficiencies, detection of chemical drift, scouting for pests, identification of biotic or abiotic stresses, and prediction of biomass and yield. Research information on the use of sUAVS have been published and conducted in crops such as rice, wheat, and corn, but the development of... I.A. Ciampitti, K. Shroyer, V. Prasad, A. Sharda, M.J. Stamm, H. Wang, K. Price, D. Mangus |
34. A Comparison Of Performance Between UAV And Satellite Imagery For N Status Assessment In CornA number of platforms are available for the sensing of crop conditions. They vary from proximal (tractor-mounted) to satellites orbiting the Earth. A lot of interest has recently emerged from the access to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones that are able to carry sensors payloads providing data at very high spatial resolution. This study aims at comparing the performance of a UAV and satellite imagery acquired over a corn nitrogen response trial set-up. The nitrogen (N) r... P. Vigneault, N. Tremblay, M.Y. Bouroubi, C. Bélec, E. Fallon |
35. The Use Of A Multirotor And High-Resolution Imaging For Precision Horticulture In Chile: An Industry PerspectiveAs part of the prototype development of a yield forecasting and precision agriculture service for Chilean horticulture, we evaluated the use of an eight-rotor Mikrokopter for high-resolution aerial imaging to support ground-based surveys. Specific considerations for UAV and communications performance under Chilean conditions are windy conditions, limited space for take-off and landing in orchards, tree height and plantation density, and the presence of high metal contents in soils. We di... I. Zamora, D. Wulfsohn |
36. Ear Deployed Accelerometer Behaviour Detection in SheepAn animal’s behaviour can be a clear indicator of their physiological and physical state. Therefore as resting, eating, walking and ruminating are the predominant daily activities of ruminant animals, monitoring these behaviours could provide valuable information for management decisions and individual animal health status. Traditional animal monitoring methods have relied on human labor to visually observe animals. Accelerometer technology offers the possibility of remotely monitoring ... J.D. Barwick, M. Trotter, D.W. Lamb, R. Dobos, M. Welch |