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Use of Non-Invasive Sensors to Detect Beneficial Effects of Fungicides on Wheat Physiology
C. A. Berdugo, U. Steiner, E. Oerke, H. Dehne, A. Mahlein
INRES - Phytomedicine, University of Bonn

Delay of leaf senescence is a beneficial side effect of fungicides several times studied on cereal crops. Strobilurins have been shown to extend the green leaf area duration (GLAD) for more than one week compared to untreated plants. The use of non-invasive sensors which allow to detect early changes in canopy pigmentation is an excellent method to assess the effect of fungicides on plant senescence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fungicides on wheat physiology by using various sensors. Plants sprayed with fungicides of three different chemical classes and untreated control plants were evaluated in a disease-free environment. After fungicide application the green leaf area was assessed weekly as percentage of green area in total leaf area of the uppermost three leaves. At four growth stages (GS 70, 75, 80 and 85) hyperspectral reflectance of the foliage was analyzed calculating spectral differences and spectral vegetation indices. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured and digital thermal images were taken. Fungicides increased GLAD when compared to untreated plants. Differences in leaf reflectance were detected among treatments. Significant differences in normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) values were verified for untreated and pyrazole-carboxamide treated plants even before visible signs of plant senescence; strobilurin and triazole treated plants gave no significant differences. Differences in chlorophyll fluorescence between untreated and pyrazole-carboxamide treated plants were detected. Significant differences in leaf and ear temperature were detected between fungicide-treated and untreated plants. Fungicide application resulted in a decrease of leaf and ear temperature. The use of non-invasive sensors allowed an assessment of beneficial side effects of fungicides on wheat physiology. Optical detection of physiological changes in plants with sensor is an accurate technique in order to detect effects of fungicides on plant senescence. 

Keyword: Green leaf area duration, leaf reflectance, chlorophyll fluorescence, transpiration
C. A. Berdugo    U. Steiner    E. Oerke    H. Dehne    A. Mahlein    Precision Crop Protection    Poster    2012