Increased biomass from higher yielding peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) varieties, the use of twin rows and the expansion from conventional growing regions to more rolling terrain has made accurate peanut digging difficult even for experienced operators.  Thereby, potential driving errors during digging have increased and often result in yield losses. The goal of this study was to evaluate the benefits of Real Time Kinematics (RTK) GPS-based guidance systems for planting and digging peanut fields with contoured rows and rolling terrain.  During 2010 and 2011, six peanut fields under conventional and conservation tillage having contour rows and rolling terrain were selected in the southern states of Alabama and Georgia, USA.  The fields were planted and inverted in utilizing two treatments: with RTK GPS-based auto-guidance and without auto-guidance (Manual-MAN). Treatment differences were calculated by comparing yields from replicated strips  and by comparing yields from plots representing various degrees of row curvature.  The data collected from the plots was used to test the hypothesis that yield losses decrease when using RTK GPS-based guidance as a function of row curvature.  Results from a Student t-test indicated significant yield differences between the MAN and RTK treatments on two out of the six fields of this study. However, the RTK guidance treatment out-yielded the MAN guidance treatment in all cases except one. There was not a clear trend for yield differences between the RTK and MAN guidance treatments as the degree of row curvature decreased. These results could be associated to the within-field variability in soil texture and terrain which impacted peanut growth at the sampling locations making it difficult to relate yield differences only to the method of tractor guidance. Data from this study shows that yield losses on rolling terrain peanut fields can be reduced by using of RTK GPS-based guidance systems for planting and digging operations.