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Intensification and Diversification of Crops in Need Based Cropping Systems for Yield and Soil Fertility Increment
1B. Gangwar, 1N. Ravisankar, 2B. Saoji, 2B. Morwal, 2O. Rakhonde, 2D. Ghanbahadur
1. Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research
2. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agriculture University

A field experiment conducted on clay loam soils of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agriculture University at Akola during 2013-14 to 2015-16, in randomized block design with eight treatments replicated four times. The groundnut based cropping system experiment conducted in all three seasons for consecutive three years with the objective of crops intensification and diversification in a need based cropping systems to meet the feed and fodder requirements of small farmers. The groundnut crop sown in rainy season, followed by linseed, lentil, pea, French bean, kidney bean, green gram, black gram and wheat in winter. This followed by green gram in summer. These main crops sown on broad beds and intercrops (niger, carrot and spinach sown in furrows between the broad beds. Data of three years pooled results revealed that significantly higher groundnut equivalent yield of 29.6 q per ha, gross profit of Indian rupees (INR) 1.1 hundred thousand per ha and net profit of INR 86.9 thousand was reported in the crop sequence of groundnut-linseed-green gram. This followed by groundnut-wheat-green gram and groundnut-french bean-green gram. The highest increase in soil organic carbon, decrease in soil pH and decrease in soil electrical conductivity and highest uptake of available soil nitrogen reported in groundnut-green gram-green gram and groundnut-black gram-green-gram crop sequences. The highest increase in available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, ferrous, magnesium and copper in the soil and maximum uptake of phosphorus and potassium in crops recorded in groundnut-wheat-green gram sequence.

Keyword: Intensification, diversification, sequencial cropping systems, equivalent yield, soil fertility food grain crops