This study aims to explore the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen within winter wheat growth season. A nitrogen-rich strip fertilizer experiment with eight different treatments was conducted in 2014. Soil nitrogen samples of 20-30cm depth near wheat root were collected by in-situ Macro Rhizon soil solution collector then soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content determined by SEAL AutoAnalyzer3 instrument. Classical statistics were applied to explore the soil nitrogen temporal variation characteristics and geo-statistics were used to explore the spatial structure characteristics of the soil nitrogen. The study results indicated that from winter wheat up to filling stage, the ammonium nitrogen content in soil decreased obviously for all treatments. The nitrate nitrogen content in soil decreased from up to jointing stage and then increased dramatically from jointing to flowering stage. The geo-statistics analysis indicated that ammonium nitrogen existed weak spatial dependence at wheat up, flowering and filling stage. Ammonium nitrogen range decreased after jointing fertilizer and ammonium nitrogen patches were fragmented at wheat flowering and filling stage. Nitrate nitrogen showed strong spatial dependence at wheat up and jointing stage. After jointing fertilization, the nitrate nitrogen range increased, and nitrate nitrogen at flowering, filling and harvest stage distributed more continuously than that at up and jointing stage. The kriging interpolation maps revealed the soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen spatial distribution variation trends during the winter wheat growth season. Soil ammonium nitrogen content in the north area of experimental field was lower than that in the south area at the up and jointing stage. Then the spatial difference decreased at the flowering and filling stage. For soil nitrate nitrogen, its content in the south part of experimental field was higher than that in the north part at up and jointing stage, the spatial difference of nitrate nitrogen gradually decreased at flowering stage and then showed a strip distribution at wheat filling stage. High ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen co-distributed in north area with similarly strip pattern at wheat harvest stage.