The objective of this study was to investigate the inversion of foliage chlorophyll concentration(Chl) vertical-layer distribution by bidirectional reflectance difference function (BRDF) data, so as to provide guidance on the application of fertilizer. The ratio of transformed chlorophyll absorption reflectance index (TCARI) to optimized soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI) was named as canopy chlorophyll inversion index (CCII) in this study. The values of CCII at nadir ±20°and ±30°, at nadir ±30°and ±40°, and at nadir ±50°and ±60°view angles were selected for the inversion of Chl at the vertical bottom layer, middle layer, and upper layer. The results suggested that vegetation indices derived from bidirectional reflectance spectrum were satisfactory for inversion of the Chl vertical distribution.