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Utilizing Weather, Soil, and Plant Condition for Predicting Corn Yield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Response
1N. R. Kitchen, 2M. A. Yost, 1C. J. Ransom, 1G. Bean, 3J. Camberato, 4P. Carter, 5R. Ferguson, 6F. Fernandez, 7D. Franzen, 8C. Laboski, 9E. Nafziger, 10J. Sawyer
1. Univ. of Missouri-USDA ARS-Columbia MO
2. Utah State Univ.-Logan UT
3. Purdue Univ.-Lafayette IN
4. DuPont Pioneer-Johnston IA
5. Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln NE
6. Univ. of Minnesota-St. Paul MN
7. North Dakota State Univ.-Fargo ND
8. Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison WI
9. Univ. of Illinois-Urbana IL
10. Iowa State Univ.-Ames IA

Improving corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate recommendation tools should increase farmer’s profits and help mitigate N pollution. Weather and soil properties have repeatedly been shown to influence crop N need. The objective of this research was to improve publicly-available N recommendation tools by adjusting them with additional soil and weather information. Four N recommendation tools were evaluated across 49 N response trials conducted in eight U.S. states over three growing seasons. Tools were evaluated for split (planting+side-dress) fertilizer applications. Using an elastic net algorithm the difference between each tool’s N recommendation and the economically optimum N rate (EONR) was regressed against soil and weather information, then the elastic net regression coefficients were used to adjust the tool’s N recommendation. The evenness of rainfall calculated from planting to the date of sidedness and soil pH (0-0.30 m) were the most frequently identified parameters for adjusting tools. All tools showed improvement with adjustment (+r2 ≥ 0.09). The greatest improvement in tool performance was with including soil and weather information with the Late-Spring Soil Nitrate Test (LSNT), canopy reflectance sensing, and MRTN. This analysis demonstrated that incorporating soil and weather information can help improve N recommendations.

Keyword: Canopy Reflectance Sensing, Nitrogen Recommendation Tools, MRTN, Yield Goal
N. R. Kitchen    M. A. Yost    C. J. Ransom    G. Bean    J. Camberato    P. Carter    R. Ferguson    F. Fernandez    D. Franzen    C. Laboski    E. Nafziger    J. Sawyer    In-Season Nitrogen Management    Oral    2018