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Influence of Planter Downforce Setting and Ground Speed on Seeding Depth and Plant Spacing Uniformity of Corn
1S. Badua, 1A. Sharda, 1R. Strasser, 2I. Ciampitti, 3T. W. Griffin
1. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
2. Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
3. Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS

Uniform seed placement improves seed-to-soil contact and requires proper selection of downforce control across varying field conditions. At faster ground speeds, downforce changes and it becomes critical to select the level of planter downforce settings to achieve the desired consistency of seed placement during planting. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ground speed and downforce setting on seeding depth and plant spacing and to evaluate the relationship of ground speed and row unit ride quality on gauge wheel load and its impact on seed placement consistency. A 12-row Horsch planter equipped with a hydraulic downforce control was used for planting non-irrigated corn. Three levels of fixed downforce (FDF) and two levels of active downforce (ADF) settings along with four levels of planting speed (7.2, 9.7, 12.1 and 16.1 kph) were utilized in the experiment. The planter was programmed to plant corn at 5.08 cm (2 in)and 6.35 cm (2.5 in.) target seeding depths with seeding rate varying from 65,500 to 72,400 seeds/hectare (30,000 to 32,000 seeds/acre). Results suggests that planting speed and downforce setting influenced consistency in seed placement. Slower ground speed, medium setting for fixed downforce control and high setting for the active downforce control resulted in a more uniform seed placement as measured by significantly lower frequency of misses and doubles. Seeding depth was maintained within the range of the target by the medium and high setting for the fixed downforce control. Increasing the seeding depth by half inch resulted in an average of 77% reduction the gauge wheel load which caused the seeding depth to be outside the target range all the time. Both settings for the active downforce control exhibited an average seeding depth of within the range except at higher ground speed for the low setting. Row unit bounce increases with speed for both fixed and active downforce control.

Keyword: Downforce control, high-speed planting, seeding depth, uniform spacing, ride quality