This 3-hour workshop discusses the requirements, methods and theories that may be used to assist in making optimal crop management decisions. The first part will focus on on-farm experimentation (OFE): 1) organization and benefits of OFE; 2) social processes and engagement; 3) designs, data and statistics. The second part will demonstrate how to generate insights applicable at the individual farm level using results from research trials collected in a diversity of contexts. Data sharing, meta-analyses and artificial intelligence-based DSS will be highlighted. A case-study will demonstrate how to enhance the management of agro-climatic, managerial and economic constraints under the framework of uncertain response to fertilizer inputs and changing farming conditions.