Attaining both high yield and high nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) simultaneously remains a current research challenge in crop production. Digital ag technologies for site-specific N management have been demonstrated to improve NUE. This is due to the ability of digital technologies to account for the spatial and temporal distribution of crop N demand and available soil N in the field which varies greatly according to soil properties, climate, and management. In addition, winter wheat protein content is highly influenced by the amount and timing of N application. Despite documented benefits of site-specific N management, N in winter wheat is still typically uniformly applied to fields without considering within-field variability. Available tools for site-specific N management in winter wheat have not been extensively evaluated in rainfed and irrigated fields in Nebraska. In this work, we tested commercially available N tools for in-season, variable-rate N management, including active crop canopy sensors and satellite-based tools. During the 2020-2021 growing season, we conducted 11 on-farm randomized strip trials comparing a precision N management of the grower’s choosing versus the grower’s traditional management. Additionally, in a subset of these trials, N blocks with increasing amounts of N were applied in the field within contrasting management zones. These N blocks were used at the end of the season to estimate the EONR. Our objectives were to (a) evaluate the performance of commercially available N tools and N management strategies in winter wheat yield, NUE, protein and profit, and (b) to compare them against the grower’s typical N management and the observed EONR. Multi-spectral images, soil sampling, canopy cover, tissue sampling, water and temperature data, and protein content were collected in a subset of the on-farm trials. Grower’s N management was at a fixed rate and ranged from 70 to 130 kg N ha^-1 while the evaluated tools provided a variable rate application that ranged from 35 to 150 kg N ha^-1 across fields. Results showed active canopy sensors performed well for N recommendations in winter wheat when compared with the observed EONR. This study showed that the on-farm research method was successful at testing different N management strategies for winter wheat and for collecting valuable information for further testing.