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Effectiveness of Different Precision Soil Sampling Strategies for Site-Specific Nutrient Management in Row-Crops
M. W. Tucker, S. Virk, G. Harris, J. Lessl, M. Levi
University of Georgia

Soil sampling is an important component of site-specific nutrient management in precision agriculture. While precision soil sampling strategies such as grid or zone have been around for a while, the adoption and utilization of these strategies varies considerably among the growers, especially in the southeastern United States. The selection of an appropriate grid size or management zone further differ among the users depending on several factors. In order to better understand how some of the commonly used precision sampling strategies influence the depiction of soil nutrient variability and site-specific nutrient application requirements, a study was conducted across ten different sites to be planted in corn, cotton or peanuts in 2022. Soil sampling maps using grid sizes of 0.40, 1.01, 2.02, 3.03 and 4.04 ha were created for each site while management zones were delineated using an unsupervised clustering method from either a single or a combination of two to three different spatial data layers including soil EC, yield, imagery, and topography. Spatial nutrient maps (soil pH, P and K) from 0.40-ha grid sampling were treated as to represent the actual in-field nutrient variability and were also used to perform comparison and correlation analysis with nutrient maps created using other sampling strategies. Preliminary results for grid-based strategies showed varying trend among the sites. In some cases, the 1.01 ha grid best represented the spatial nutrient variability with a trend towards decreasing spatial resolution and accuracy with an increase in grid size. This trend was not evident in other sites, possibly due to the degree of variability as well the placement of sampling points for different size grids within the field. Analysis of nutrient maps based on zone sampling strategies indicated varying levels of correlation with actual nutrient maps, which was influenced by the type and resolution of the spatial data used for zone delineation. Similar trends for both grid- and zone-based strategies were observed for variable-rate nutrient application maps. Future research is focused on utilizing other geospatial statistical measures to compare and evaluate the accuracy of different sampling strategies as well as performing an economic analysis to determine cost-effective sampling strategies.

Keyword: Soil Sampling, Site-Specific, Nutrient Management, Variable-rate